There are many timing organizations. The oldest/best known is the Southern Calif. Timing Ass'n, made up of a dozen or so clubs in the SoCal area. They're the group that races at Bonneville, as well as does the Utah Salt Flats Racing Ass'n (Salt Lake City, UT). There's the East Coast Timing Ass'n, a single club that races at the Maxton (NC) "Monster Mile". Loring Timing Ass'n is in Loring, ME, and then there are the groups without affiliation - like the Texas Mile. Most, if not all, have links to their sites on the home page of this website.
As for records -- you'll find them in the rule book of SCTA and ECTA, and you're also able to find them on the various websites.
200 MPH Club at Bonneville is not simply going 200 -- it's setting a new record over 200 - or over the minimum in the class in which you run. Example - my wife holds a record in 1650 PP (motorcycle) of 201.913. But she's not yet in the Club -- needs to exceed the 205 minimum. "Taint easy to get in the Bville Club. Most of the other clubs require setting records, too, although not two-way records like at Bonneville.
Where are you from? What's your interest? What do you race? And - welcome to the Forum.