Xseal (do you have a real name?) -
I will answer a few of the questions, and I am sure others will also post their observations.
1. There is no "cheap" way to go over 200 mph. Even if you were to get a cheap 'Busa', KX14, etc, it will still need to be modified with turbo or NOX, gearing, and a dozen other mods that all cost a lot of money. I can't see a way to start from scratch and go over 200 for under $20k. To go along with that, you need entry fees, lodging, transportation, crew, etc.
But you do have several venues, such as Speedweek, World of Speed, El Mirage, Texas Mile, etc.
2. Once you get a platform you want to race, just post questions here. There are dozens of experts of all types, and no shortage of opinions.
3. I don't know of anyone who will rent you a bike. Too much risk.
4. You could come to Speedweek or BUB with a "normal" bike and race it just to get a feel for what is needed, and you will learn a lot in a week.
5. For registrations at the various venues, just keep watching here. Speedweek does not start till spring.
Good Luck
Don