Ref: Reply #32
However strong Pete’s conviction is that round tubulars of the same outside dimension and thickness as a square cross-section have better torsional capacity than the square, it would be remiss not to point out that that point of view is in conflict with established engineering practice.
For a closed, thin-wall tube of any shape, the torsional capacity, to a close approximation, is proportional to the area bounded by the centerline of the wall thickness. So, in the case of the 1-5/8 x .125 wall round vs. square tube, the ratio of the square’s area to the round’s is 4/(pi) or 1.27. Square wins again, but that is not to say it may be the best or allowable choice for a roll bar.
(See “shear flow” in any Strength of Materials textbook.)